
In the fall of 1860, in the run-up to the Civil War, a one-time freshman congressman from Illinois was elected president -- even though his name didn't appear on many Southern ballots. What followed in the four-month lull between Abraham Lincoln's election and his inauguration in March 1861 was unprecedented: Eight states seceded, with four more still to come. President James Buchanan "barely lifted a finger to stop the country from falling apart," says presidential historian Ted Widmer, and Lincoln "had barely a country to preside over."
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